Category Archives: New Testament

Vandalism of the Midras Ruins rolling stone tomb

The Midras Ruins (Horvat Midras) in Israel are part of the Adulam Grove Nature Reserve east of Hwy 38 between the Elah Valley and Beit Guvrin. According to the Parks department sign at the site, the ruins are part of an ancient settlement including caves, pits, and other installations. The Carta touring atlas says the area was continuously inhabited from the time of the Kings of Judah to the Roman period.

For several years I had wanted to visit the Midras Ruins. In August, 2008, I went there for the first time. It was hot, and the hour was late. Elizabeth and I looked for the burial cave with a rolling stone from the Roman period, but were not able to locate it. We spoke with some visitors from near Tel Aviv who had been crawling through the tunnels, but they were unable to help. Earlier this month Leon and I went to Midras and spent a lot of time searching for the burial cave. There are no signs pointing specifically to this burial site. As we searched the area we called a guide friend who told us we should go to the right of the entry. We tried that without success.

On another day our guide friend went with us. He said he had been there since the burial cave was restored. After we got to the site he called a friend who lives in the nearby village. He assured us that the cave was to the right of the entry. After more searching we noted that the older entry from the main road (Hwy 38) had been closed. Now the parking and entry is from the side road about a mile from the main road. Instead of the cave being to the right of the entry, it is to the left of the end of the trail. Here is the sign you need to look for.

Midras Ruins sign. Go toward Pyramid Tomb. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Midras Ruins sign. Go toward Pyramid Tomb. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Go toward the Pyramid Tomb. The burial cave is marked as number 4 on the left side of the trail. The sign at the cave indicates that it was in use from the first century B.C. until the Bar Kochba revolt (about A.D. 135). The site was vandalized about 15 years ago.

Midras Ruins Burial Cave. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Midras Ruins Burial Cave.

It was getting dark by the time we located the tomb, but I had a good flash attachment with me that allowed some fairly good photos.

Midras Ruins Burial Cave 4. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

Midras Ruins Burial Cave 4. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

I am not able to make out the graffiti above the tomb. Here is a closer view of the rolling stone.

Midras Ruins Burial Cave 4 with rolling stone. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Midras Ruins Burial Cave 4 with rolling stone. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

This tomb is supposed to have been restored. Compare the way it looks now with the way it looked before the vandalism. There are two sources that I know about.

Dr. Carl Rasmussen, Holy Land Photos, says,

In 1976 part of the cemetery was excavated. Several tombs were uncovered, including, in my estimation, THE BEST ROLLING STONE TOMB in the country. Unfortunately in the late 1990’s the tomb site was totally destroyed by vandals.  BUT it has been reconstructed and is now visible in the Adullam Park!

Carl has six photos of the tomb here. Open a new browser and compare the tomb now with the photos he made earlier.

Todd Bolen, BiblePlaces Blog, has an excellent photo of the tomb before and after it was vandalized here. Here you may see the original photo with some restoration photos by A.D. Riddle. I think you will agree that the restoration is not very good.

Why is this tomb important enough that I would go to so much trouble to locate and photograph it? It is because this illustrates the type of tomb in which Jesus was buried.

And Joseph [from Arimathea] took the body and wrapped it in a clean linen shroud and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had cut in the rock. And he rolled a great stone to the entrance of the tomb and went away. (Matthew 27:59-60 ESV)

Why would anyone want to vandalize this tomb? Probably the same reason!

Several other tombs with a rolling stone are known in the Bible lands.

First century residence uncovered in Nazareth

A simple Jewish residence from the first century has been unearthed in Nazareth, according to an announcement made by the Israel Antiquities Authority today.

Excavation of first century Nazareth residence. Photo courtesy IAA.

Excavation of first century Nazareth residence. Photo courtesy IAA.

An archaeological excavation the Israel Antiquities Authority recently conducted has revealed new information about ancient Nazareth from the time of Jesus. Remains of a dwelling that date to the Early Roman period were discovered for the first time in an excavation, which was carried out prior to the construction of the “International Marian Center of Nazareth” by the the Association Mary of Nazareth, next to the Church of the Annunciation.

According to the New Testament, Mary, the mother of Jesus, lived in Nazareth together with her husband Joseph. It was there that she also received the revelation by the Angel Gabriel that she would conceive a child to be born the Son of God. The New Testament mentions that Jesus himself grew up in Nazareth.

In 1969 the Church of the Annunciation was erected in the spot that the Catholic faith identified with the house of Mary. It was built atop the remains of three earlier churches, the oldest of which is ascribed to the Byzantine period (the fourth century CE). In light of the plans to build there, the Israel Antiquities Authority recently undertook a small scale archaeological excavation close to the church, which resulted in the exposure of the structure.

According to Yardenna Alexandre, excavation director on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, “The discovery is of the utmost importance since it reveals for the very first time a house from the Jewish village of Nazareth and thereby sheds light on the way of life at the time of Jesus. The building that we found is small and modest and it is most likely typical of the dwellings in Nazareth in that period. From the few written sources that there are, we know that in the first century CE Nazareth was a small Jewish village, located inside a valley. Until now a number of tombs from the time of Jesus were found in Nazareth; however, no settlement remains have been discovered that are attributed to this period”.

In the excavation a large broad wall that dates to the Mamluk period (the fifteenth century CE) was exposed that was constructed on top of and “utilized” the walls of an ancinet building. This earlier building consisted of two rooms and a courtyard in which there was a rock-hewn cistern into which the rainwater was conveyed. The artifacts recovered from inside the building were few and mostly included fragments of pottery vessels from the Early Roman period (the first and second centuries CE). In addition, several fragments of chalk vessels were found, which were only used by Jews in this period because such vessels were not susceptible to becoming ritually unclean.

Another hewn pit, whose entrance was apparently camouflaged, was excavated and a few pottery sherds from the Early Roman period were found inside it. The excavator, Yardenna Alexandre, said, “Based on other excavations that I conducted in other villages in the region, this pit was probably hewn as part of the preparations by the Jews to protect themselves during the Great Revolt against the Romans in 67 CE”.

In a few of the archaeological excavations that were carried out in this crowded city, a number of burial caves dating to the Early Roman period were exposed that are situated close to the inhabited area. The modern Church of the Annunciation was constructed in the heart of Nazareth, above the Crusader Church of the Annunciation and atop the ruins of a church from the Byzantine period. In the middle of these churches is a cave that was already ascribed in antiquity to the house of Jesus’ family. Many storage pits and cisterns, some of which date to the Early Roman period, were found in the compound of the Church of the Annunciation.

Excavation of Nazareth residence and Church of Annuciation. Photo: IAA.

Excavation of Nazareth residence and Church of Annuciation. Photo: IAA.

The Ha’aretz article includes several additional photos here. The article in the London Telegraph includes a photo of the excavation director Yardenna Alexandre here.

Attempts to link this house to Joseph, Mary, and Jesus are unfounded at this time.

But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee. And he went and lived in a city called Nazareth, that what was spoken by the prophets might be fulfilled: “He shall be called a Nazarene.” (Matthew 2:22-23 ESV)

Video of high waves at Caesarea Maritima

December 13th I wrote about the high waves at the Herodian harbor of Caesarea Maritima here.  While in Israel I tried to post a short video I made, but it did not play smoothly and I gave up. Back home, I note that it plays correctly on my home computer. See if you get a good play.

If you have trouble playing the video, try the direct link here.

On USA soil

If being in the Atlanta airport qualifies, I am on USA soil. The flight from Israel was scheduled for 13 1/2 hours (longer than I mentioned in the previous blog), but we had a good wind and made it in 13 hours. From touchdown it took a full hour and a half to make it through passport control, customs, luggage collection, Atlanta security to enter the airport, etc. In Israel we arrived at the airport and started through the security process about three hours ahead of departure. That makes a total of 17 1/2 hours, and I still have a flight home (about 2 hours counting collecting luggage). Add in the wait here and that makes another 2 1/2 hours. Total time is now at 20 hours. Don’t forget getting to/from the airport. Travel is fun! But I have time to blog.

Israeli security has a deserved reputation as being the best in the world, but I did not have to remove my shoes.

We flew Delta for this trip. I think every seat was full on the return. Flights were departing Tel Aviv for Philadelphia and New York about the same time last night. This is not the most popular time for travel to Israel. We saw a few American groups, but there were several Asian and Indian groups.

The comments left on the blog, and Emails from friends are appreciated. I did note, however, that almost every friend who wrote also made a request. Sorry I did not have time to answer. Don’t expect one tomorrow, either! I will do my best. Several Emails came from folks who were unaware that I was in Israel. That is a sure giveaway that they do not follow the blog. Shame! Shame!

Yesterday we went to Nabi Samwil (or Nebi Samwil), the traditional burial place of Samuel the prophet. According to the Bible Samuel was buried at Ramah, a short distance from Nebi Samwil.

Now Samuel had died, and all Israel had mourned for him and buried him in Ramah, his own city. And Saul had put the mediums and the necromancers out of the land. (1 Samuel 28:3 ESV)

We know from the Old Testament that Samuel anointed both Saul and David as kings of Israel. Both Old and New Testaments acknowledge the importance of Samuel as a prophet.

And all Israel from Dan to Beersheba knew that Samuel was established as a prophet of the LORD. And the LORD appeared again at Shiloh, for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel at Shiloh by the word of the LORD. (1 Samuel 3:20-21 ESV)

And all the prophets who have spoken, from Samuel and those who came after him, also proclaimed these days. (Acts 3:24 ESV)

Traditional Burial Place of Samuel at Nabi Samwil. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

Traditional Burial Place of the prophet Samuel at Nabi Samwil. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

The Herodian Family Tomb

In the morning we visited Nabi Samwil, the traditional tomb of the prophet Samuel. Some scholars think this may be the biblical Mizpah. Others believe that Mizpah should be identified by Tell en-Nahbeh.

Now Samuel called the people together to the LORD at Mizpah. (1 Samuel 10:17 ESV)

The site at Nabi Samwil provides a great view of the biblical territory of Benjamin.

Later we went to the traditional family tomb of Herod the Great (37 – 4 B.C.) which is located on the west side of the Old City, and behind the famous King David Hotel. We know from Josephus that Herod buried certain family members in Jerusalem (Wars 1:581). Herod was buried at the Herodium near Bethlehem.

This first photo shows the general area of the tomb which is cut from solid rock.

Herodian Family Tomb in Jerusalem. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

Herodian Family Tomb in Jerusalem. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

The photo below shows the rolling stone. In more recent time a door has been places at the opening of the tomb. Murphy-O’Connor says the tomb was found empty because robbers got there before the archaeologists (The Holy Land).

Herodian Family Tomb in Jerusalem. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

Herodian Family Tomb Rolling Stone. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

We also visited the Skirball Museum at the Hebrew Union College. Some artifacts from Gezer and Dan have been displayed at this small museum. Today we learned that the museum is closed. The lady at the reception desk said she did not know when or if it would be opened. She allowed us to look at a few items displayed in cases along a corridor among the offices. This was a disappointment. One item of interest that is in the poorly lit cases is a replica of the inscription from Dan that mentions the “god” who is in Dan.

High waves at Caesarea Maritima

Friday evening we stayed in the plain of Sharon with friends and former students. We had selected some sites north of there to visit today, but the weather forecast indicated that the weather would be bad. The forecast for the area around Tel Aviv looked better so we went to Caesarea Maritima. When we arrived there was some sun. I noticed the waves were much higher than I had ever seen and those crashing into the breakwater splashed high into the air.

The first photo shows the site of the Herodian harbor. I rented a wide angle lens for this trip to be able to make photos of this type.

Harbor at Caesarea Maritima with high waves

Harbor at Caesarea Maritima with high waves. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Look carefully at the breakwater to the right of the building on the left of the photo. You will see the splash of the waves high above the breakwater. The next photo shows a closeup of the same area. The splash appear to almost touch the clouds.

Caesarea Maritima harbor with high waves

High waves splashing against the breakwater. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Caesarea Maritima was a first century Roman capital and seaport. The gospel was first preached to the Gentiles here when Peter came from Joppa to Caesarea to tell Cornelius words by which he could be saved (Acts 10, 11).

Herod the Great built a city on the site of Strato’s Tower and named it Caesarea in honor of Caesar Augustus. It became a center of Roman provincial government in Judea. The city had a harbor and was located on the main caravan route between Tyre and Egypt. This city is called Caesarea Maritima (on the sea) to distinguish it from Caesarea Philippi.

The Apostle Paul used the harbor at Caesarea several times. He was imprisoned here for two years before departing for Rome (Acts 24:27; 27:1).

A little storm on the Sea of Galilee

Friday morning I looked out the hotel window on the Sea of Galilee. First I noticed that it was clear — something for which I had been wishing. I also noticed that there were uncommonly high waves on the lake. The palm fronds were moving with the wind. By the time I made the photo below, as the sun was rising over the eastern hills, the waves were not at high. This photo may illustrate what I am talking about.

Sea of Galilee at Sunrise with Little Storm

Sea of Galilee at Sunrise with a Little Storm. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

The next photo was made about noon from the same spot as the one at 6 a.m. At this time the sea is calm and fairly clear. Many who have taken a boat ride across the Sea of Galilee can attest to the calmness and quietness of the water.

Sea of Galilee from Ron Beach Hotel

Sea of Galilee from Ron Beach Hotel at noon. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

I was able to make a short video of the sea when the waves were higher and the wind was strong. Notice the sea gulls; you can even hear their call.

If there is any problem with the video, you should be able to go directly to it on YouTube here.

What is the explanation for such sudden storms on the sea? Notice the account given by Luke.

22 One day he got into a boat with his disciples, and he said to them, “Let us go across to the other side of the lake.” So they set out,  23 and as they sailed he fell asleep. And a windstorm came down on the lake, and they were filling with water and were in danger.  24 And they went and woke him, saying, “Master, Master, we are perishing!” And he awoke and rebuked the wind and the raging waves, and they ceased, and there was a calm.  25 He said to them, “Where is your faith?” And they were afraid, and they marveled, saying to one another, “Who then is this, that he commands even winds and water, and they obey him?” (Luke 8:22-25 ESV)

Luke explains in verse 23 that “a windstorm came down on the lake.” Such storms are produced by winds from the west and northwest that come down into the basin where the Sea of Galilee is located. These storms often occur in the late afternoon when the cooler air comes down on the hot air in the basin.

Before we left the hotel we said something to one of the owners about the morning storm. He said, “It was only a little storm; not a big one.” I am sure that is correct, but it does illustrate how these storms happen.

In the Galilee

We spent two days at Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee at a lovely smaller hotel called Ron Beach Hotel. I had stayed there once before and wanted to return. It is family owned and operated. The staff is friendly and the meals are good. The hotel is situated on the north side of Tiberias as you head toward Magdala and Tabgha.

Thursday morning heavy clouds covered the Sea of Galilee. Only occasionally the sun broke through to provide a glimmer across the water. We went to a few places where we could make photos on the shore of Galilee. We visited the Church of the Primacy. This is the traditional site where Jesus met with the disciples after the resurrection. The events are recorded in John 21. The disciples had fished during the night and caught nothing. At day break Jesus invited them to “Come and have breakfast.”

We also visited Hazor and Kedesh. In the late afternoon we went to Mount Arbel for a magnificent view of the northern portion of the Sea of Galilee. We were a little late. The photo you see below was made in the dark with a long exposure and the use of a tripod. The land below is known in the New Testament as the Land of Gennesaret.

And when they had crossed over, they came to land at Gennesaret. (Matthew 14:34)

The Sea of Galilee from Mount Arbel at night. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

The Sea of Galilee from Mount Arbel at night. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

When we mentioned rain to the locals, they spoke of how badly they needed rain. There was evidence of rain in several of the places we visited. Due to drought conditions the Sea of Galilee is extremely low. This sea level indicator at Tiberias shows the level to be 214.31 meters below sea level. That is 703.12 feet.

Sea of Galilee Level Indicator at Tiberias

Sea of Galilee Level Indicator at Tiberias. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

The Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection has determined if the Sea of Galilee drops below 214.87 meters [704.95 feet] below sea level “the pumps in the lake can no longer operate.”

The risks associated with reduced water levels are formidable: ecosystem instability and deterioration of water quality, damage to nature and landscape assets, receding shorelines and adverse impacts on tourism and recreation. When the black line is reached, the pumps in the lake can no longer operate.

According to the Water Authority, Lake Kinneret lost 5.13 meters [16.83 feet] since the spring of 2004, equivalent to some 850 million cubic meters of water.

Everywhere around the lake one can see evidence that the water level is low.

The NW area of the Sea of Galilee. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

The NW area of the Sea of Galilee. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Water once covered the area where you see grass. You may know that there are brackish springs at Taghba. This water is channeled around the sea to the Jordan River, so the sea remains fresh water. The concrete channel may be seen in the left of the picture.

Perhaps tomorrow I will have time to tell you about the little storm we saw on the sea this morning.

A model of a day

After worship this morning we went to Ein Kerem, the traditional home of Zechariah and Elizabeth, the parents of John the Baptist. The surrounding area in the hill country of Judea is beautiful.

In those days Mary arose and went with haste into the hill country, to a town in Judah (Luke 1:39 ESV)

Next we went to the Israel Museum. The Museum is closed for renovation, but the Shrine of the Book and the Second Temple Model are open for visits. I am including a photo of the Herodian Temple and the Antonia. This photo is large enough for presentation. Just click on it.

The Second Temple Model. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

The Temple Model from the time of Jesus. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

We drove from the Bethlehem area along the route most likely used by David when he went to visit his brethren in the Valley of Elah.

Now the Philistines gathered their armies for battle. And they were gathered at Socoh, which belongs to Judah, and encamped between Socoh and Azekah, in Ephes-dammim. (1 Samuel 17:1 ESV)

We made some photos of Socoh, and then went to the new excavation of Khirbet Qeiyafa (the Elah Fortress) which overlooks the Valley of Elah. The site has a view of Azekah and Socoh. It was a clear day and the light was such a way that we were able to get this photo from the Khirbet Qeiyafa across the Valley of Elah toward Socoh.

A view from Khirbet Qeifaya across the Valley of Elah to Socoh. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

A view from Khirbet Qeiyafa across the Valley of Elah to Socoh. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

Thanks for sharing this journey with us. A trip like this is not a vacation, but a study and research oppotunity to learn more about the land of the Bible. And the purpose of that is to be able to better teach the Word.

A visit to Nablus and Samaria

If you have traveled to Israel in the past decade you likely were not able to visit the region of biblical region of Samaria. Since the beginning of the Second Intifada that area, known as the West Bank, has been tightly controlled by Israel. Several of the folks we have talked with here spoke about how condition have eased in the past few months.

We have a rental car, but it is not to be taken into the West Bank. We had arranged through a reliable travel operator here for a driver and car to take us to several places in the West Bank. We left our hotel in Jerusalem about 8:30 a.m. this morning and got back a little after 4:30 p.m. as the sun was dropping beyond the horizon.

Our first stop was at Jacob’s well in Nablus. There is a piece of land here once owned by Jacob (Genesis 33:19). The territory was apportioned to the descendants of Joseph, and Joseph was buried there at Shechem (Joshua 24:32). It was a place of great historic importance. Jesus came to Sychar, a city of Samaria, near the piece of land Jacob had owned (John 4:5).

The traditional Jacob’s Well is located at Shechem in the valley between Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal. The modern town of Nablus now fills this valley.

André Parrot says,

“Of all the ‘holy places’ of Palestine, none has more reason to be considered authentic than Jacob’s well. Indeed, there is no reason why its authenticity should be questioned” (Land of Christ 65).

Parrot describes the water as “cool and pleasant-tasting…drawn from a depth of 128 feet.” I have drunk the water several times, but in the few decades my guides have advised against it due to pollution in the area.

A church was erected over the well about A.D. 380. The Crusaders built another church on the site in the 12th century. The property came under the control of the Greek Orthodox church in 1860. By the end of the 19th century the Greeks began a new church, but construction was halted during World War I. The last time I was at Jacob’s well (2000) construction had resumed and the building was completed in 2007. Here is a photo of the interior. The building is unlike most of the Greek Orthodox churches in this part of the world. Instead of being dark and dismal, this one is bright and cheery.

The interior of the Greek Orthodox church covering Jacob's Well. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

The interior of the Greek Orthodox church covering Jacob's Well. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins 2009.

Those of you who have visited Jacob’s well in the past will recognize the entry to the steps going down to the well.

After Jacob’s Well we visited the nearby site of Shechem and made photos of the ruins and of Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim. These mountains are where the blessings and curses of the Law were read by the Israelites after they entered the land (Deuteronomy 11:29). It was here in this valley that the land promise was made to Abraham (Genesis 12:6-7).

We continued to the modern village of Sebastiye and the site of biblical Samaria. The hill Samaria was bought by Omri, king of Israel, to serve as the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel (1 Kings 16:23-24). We visited the ruins and then had a good lunch at the Samaria Restaurant. I had eaten at this restaurant several times in the past. The food and service were good. Sari and his uncle were gracious to us and told us how they wished for more tourists to come to the site. We told them that we would certainly like to see that, too. Several good things are going on at Sebastiye which we may be able to comment on later.

Samaria was destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 B.C. By New Testament times Samaria had been rebuilt by Herod the Great, and was visited by Peter and John (Acts 8).

I wanted to share a photo of the hill of Samaria. The tell is on the top of the hill. The village of Sebastiye can be seen to the right. There are ancient ruins under the village.

The Hill of Samaria. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

The Hill of Samaria. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.

I am rather sure that Bible teachers and preachers among our readers would like a copy of this photo to use in presentations. All you need to do is click on the photo for a larger image suitable for use in PowerPoint. I rented an expensive wide-angle lens, to go along with my not-quite-as-expensive camera, to be able to get high quality photos like the one above.

On the return to Jerusalem we drove up to the Samaritan village on Mount Gerizim. We had intended to visit the museum, but just about everything was closed because the Sabbath was being observed.

The weather was great today and we had plenty of sunshine for all of the photography. Thanks for reading. Leave us a comment if you find this material helpful.